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Subgraphs with large minimum $\ell$-degree in hypergraphs where almost all $\ell$-degrees are large

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subgraphs-with-large-minimum-ell-degree-in-hypergraphs-where-almost-allProbabilitymath.COmath.PRposed by Victor Falgas-Ravry, Allan Lorecorded: open · 1 machine check, unexamined

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Statement

An obvious open question is whether we have π(1,1,1)−qr(F)⩽π2(F).\pi_{(1,1,1)-qr}(\mathcal{F})\leqslant \pi_{2}(\mathcal{F}).

Context

Candidate 1 of the open problems stated in "Subgraphs with large minimum ℓ\ell-degree in hypergraphs where almost all ℓ\ell-degrees are large", extracted for the Scalable Mathematical Discovery run.

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  • #1

    Attempt 1

    ai explorationGPT-5.5 xhigh ·
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    NEW

    Problem: Reconstructed statement: for every family F\mathcal F of nonempty finite 33-uniform hypergraphs,

    π(1,1,1)-qr(F)≤π2(F),\pi_{(1,1,1)\text{-qr}}(\mathcal F)\le \pi_2(\mathcal F),

    where π2\pi_2 is the minimum codegree Turán density and π(1,1,1)-qr\pi_{(1,1,1)\text{-qr}} is the supremum of densities pp admitting F\mathcal F-free 33-graphs GnG_n, v(Gn)→∞v(G_n)\to\infty, with

    ∣e1,1,1(X,Y,Z)−p∣X∣∣Y∣∣Z∣∣≤εnv(Gn)3\bigl|e_{1,1,1}(X,Y,Z)-p|X||Y||Z|\bigr|\le \varepsilon_n v(G_n)^3

    for all X,Y,Z⊆V(Gn)X,Y,Z\subseteq V(G_n), where εn→0\varepsilon_n\to0.

    Result: The literal statement is false for arbitrary, in particular infinite, forbidden families.

    Let

    F2={F: F is a finite nonempty 3-graph with δ2(F)≥2}.\mathcal F_2=\{F:\ F\text{ is a finite nonempty }3\text{-graph with }\delta_2(F)\ge 2\}.

    Then π2(F2)=0\pi_2(\mathcal F_2)=0: if an nn-vertex 33-graph GG has δ2(G)≥2\delta_2(G)\ge2, then G∈F2G\in\mathcal F_2, so an F2\mathcal F_2-free GG must have δ2(G)≤1\delta_2(G)\le1. Hence

    0≤ex⁡2(n,F2)n−2≤1n−2→0.0\le \frac{\operatorname{ex}_2(n,\mathcal F_2)}{n-2}\le \frac1{n-2}\to0.

    But π(1,1,1)-qr(F2)≥1/27\pi_{(1,1,1)\text{-qr}}(\mathcal F_2)\ge 1/27. For nn, randomly color every pair of [n][n] independently red/blue/green. Put ijkijk, i<j<ki<j<k, as an edge iff

    c(ij)=red,c(ik)=blue,c(jk)=green.c(ij)=\mathrm{red},\qquad c(ik)=\mathrm{blue},\qquad c(jk)=\mathrm{green}.

    For every vertex subset SS, let a<ba<b be its two smallest vertices. If abab lies in no edge inside SS, then dS(ab)=0d_S(ab)=0. Otherwise choose c∈Sc\in S with abcabc an edge. Since then c(bc)=greenc(bc)=\mathrm{green}, the pair bcbc has no completion in SS except possibly aa. Thus every subgraph has some pair of codegree at most 11, so the graph is F2\mathcal F_2-free.

    Finally, with high probability these random graphs are (1/27,εn,(1,1,1))(1/27,\varepsilon_n,(1,1,1))-quasirandom for some εn→0\varepsilon_n\to0. Indeed, for fixed X,Y,ZX,Y,Z, changing one pair-color affects e1,1,1(X,Y,Z)e_{1,1,1}(X,Y,Z) by at most 6n6n, so McDiarmid’s inequality and a union bound over 8n8^n triples (X,Y,Z)(X,Y,Z) give the claim, e.g. with εn=n−1/3\varepsilon_n=n^{-1/3}. Therefore a deterministic such sequence exists.

    Thus

    π(1,1,1)-qr(F2)≥127>0=π2(F2),\pi_{(1,1,1)\text{-qr}}(\mathcal F_2)\ge \frac1{27}>0=\pi_2(\mathcal F_2),

    disproving the stated inequality.

    The counterexample exploits that F\mathcal F is allowed to be infinite. The finite-family or single-forbidden-graph version is a different repaired question.

    Citation: The RGB pair-color construction is the standard Reiher–Rödl–Schacht construction; see C. Reiher, V. Rödl, M. Schacht, Hypergraphs with vanishing Turán density in uniformly dense hypergraphs, J. London Math. Soc. 97 (2018), 77–97. The exact counterexample above is derived here.

    Reviews

    0 human reviews · 1 machine check

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    • Machine check · not human verification

      machine: correct

      Recorded from GPT-5.5 xhigh (SMD judge 1) ·

      scope Full solution as submitted; SMD novelty classification KNOWN

      PASS

      The disproof is valid for the literal statement, since the paper allows arbitrary families of nonempty 3-graphs. For the infinite family F2={F:δ2(F)≥2}\mathcal F_2=\{F:\delta_2(F)\ge2\}, any F2\mathcal F_2-free graph has δ2≤1\delta_2\le1, so π2(F2)=0\pi_2(\mathcal F_2)=0.

      The ordered RGB pair-color construction is indeed F2\mathcal F_2-free: every vertex subset has a pair of codegree at most 11, hence cannot contain any subgraph of minimum codegree at least 22. The random version is (1,1,1)(1,1,1)-quasirandom with density 1/271/27 by bounded differences and a union bound. Thus π(1,1,1)-qr(F2)≥1/27>0=π2(F2)\pi_{(1,1,1)\text{-qr}}(\mathcal F_2)\ge1/27>0=\pi_2(\mathcal F_2).

      This only disproves the unrestricted-family formulation; it does not settle the finite-family or single-forbidden-graph version.

      Novelty assessment

      KNOWN

      Classification rationale: The accepted counterexample is a direct reformulation of a known construction/observation: dense RGB pair-colour 3-graphs in which every subhypergraph has minimum codegree at most 1. Taking the forbidden family to be all finite 3-graphs with minimum codegree at least 2 is then immediate. The exact infinite-family phrasing may not be stated, but the essential stronger ingredient is already in the literature.

      Literature check: Ding–Liu–Wang–Yang, arXiv:2312.02879, Section 2.1, Observation 2.2 explicitly proves that any 3-graph satisfying the Reiher–Rödl–Schacht colouring condition has δco(H′)≤1\delta_{\mathrm{co}}(H')\le 1 for every subgraph H′H'. Immediately after, they cite the Reiher–Rödl–Schacht construction giving infinite (1/27,η)(1/27,\eta)-dense examples satisfying this condition. This is precisely the property used in the proposed solution. The random pair-colouring form of the same construction also gives the stated (1,1,1)(1,1,1)-quasirandomness by standard concentration.

      Citation: L. Ding, H. Liu, S. Wang, H. Yang, “Vanishing codegree Turán density implies vanishing uniform Turán density,” arXiv:2312.02879, Observation 2.2. See also C. Reiher, V. Rödl, M. Schacht, “Hypergraphs with vanishing Turán density in uniformly dense hypergraphs,” J. London Math. Soc. 97 (2018), 77–97.

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