Problems

Araujo, Piga and Schacht asked whether density and codegree both above 1/4 force a tight Hamilton cycle in a linearly quasirandom 3-graph. No: the threshold is p_0 = max_0 ≤ x ≤ 1minx^3, 1-x ≈ 0.3177, and below it there are dense 3-graphs…

Does the Kannan-Lovász-Simonovits variance inequality hold with a universal constant for every quadratic form of an isotropic log-concave random vector - that is, is Var⟨ MX, X⟩ ≤ C E|∇⟨ MX, X⟩|^2 for every symmetric M?

Han and Jiang asked whether being of klt type is an open condition in flat families of varieties. It is not.

Swinnerton-Dyer (1981) proved R-equivalence trivial on smooth cubic surfaces over p-adic fields with good reduction, except for three special types. The paper resolves two long-standing exceptional cases: triviality for the diagonal cubic…

For a transcendental entire function, how fast can |f(z)| be forced to grow along a path to infinity, and how short can such a path be in terms of the maximum modulus M(r, f)?

Given planks of fixed total width, how should they be placed to cover as much of a convex body's volume as possible? Karoly Bezdek asked whether, for a Euclidean ball, the optimum is a single plank centred at the origin. It is, and the…

A cyclic meander induces a cyclic permutation on its 2n marked intersection points. Schwartz's conjecture on the quadratic growth of the associated meander number is resolved.

For an inclusion-free hypergraph on n vertices, a weight assignment w:[n]→[d] is isolating when a unique edge attains minimum weight. Faber and Harris conjectured that the number of isolating assignments is at least n∑_j=0^d-1 j^n-1,…

The low-degree conjecture predicts that when the low-degree advantage between a planted distribution and a uniform null distribution stays bounded, no polynomial-time algorithm can distinguish them. It is false. There is a planted…

Axiotis and Sviridenko conjectured that the linear dependence on the restricted condition number in sparse convex optimization cannot be improved by a polynomial-time algorithm. Their conjectured lower bound is established for…

Norine conjectured that every red-blue edge-colouring of the n-dimensional hypercube Q_n in which antipodal edges get opposite colours contains a monochromatic path from some vertex to its antipode. The paper proves it, via a chain-level…

Arjevani et al. asked whether almost-surely bounded oracle error permits a better rate than bounded variance for smooth nonconvex stochastic optimization. It does not: every randomized adaptive algorithm still needs Omega(dL/eps^2 + dL…

Sivaraman asked whether perfect divisibility is characterized by its chromatic consequence: is a graph G perfectly divisible if and only if χ(H) ≤ binomω(H)+12 for every induced subgraph H of G? False: the Paley graph P(17) satisfies the…

Gill introduced the probabilistic automatic complexity A_P(w) of a string: the least number of states of a probabilistic finite automaton for which w is the unique most probably accepted string of its length. He asked whether A_P is…

Erdos asked whether a finite unit-distance graph in the plane can have independence ratio below 1/4. One exists, built on the geometric fractional chromatic number framework of Matolcsi, Ruzsa, Varga and Zsamboki plus a carefully chosen…

Localizing Bernstein theory to prove lower bounds for the Lebesgue constants of Lagrange interpolation, with application to a problem of Erdős and Turán and to a conjectured bound from the interpolation literature.

Shokurov's global index conjecture, in the setting of foliations. Proved for foliations in dimension at most three, which also answers a question of Liu, Meng and Xie in dimension three.

The classical Abbott-Hanson recurrence gives S(k+2) ≥ 9S(k)+4 for Schur numbers, and had stood as the basis for the best asymptotic lower bounds. Shifted S-templates, a more flexible form of Rowley's template construction, yield S(k+2) ≥…

Let A(x) count n ≤ x such that every prime p | n has a divisor d > 1 of n with d ≡ 1 pmod p. Erdos asked whether A(x)/x = exp(-(c+o(1))√log xloglog x). It does, with c = 1/(2√log 2).

The Hessian conjecture HC_n asks whether every polynomial f with det Hess(f) ∈ C^× has a polynomial gradient inverse. It is known for n ≤ 3, false for n ≥ 5, and open exactly in dimension four, where it implies the plane Jacobian…